Water is collected from a channel and transported to next treatment. Along this path, all the particles of type that have a grainy sedimentation rate greater than the rate of climb of current are held in tub. In practice, the sedimentation depends on surface of tub and not by its volume (survival water purification systems). In fact the same flow rate of upward flow (Qa), the greater the surface (S) of tub, the lower the speed of upward flow (Va = Qa / S), the greater the proportion of particles sedimenting.
The sedimented material is conveyed towards a hopper formed on bottom of tank, by means of mechanical pickers that sweep the bottom of same, and from here pumped to sludge treatment line. The size of tanks depends on detention time which is a function of characteristics of solid sediments present in raw waters and the type of decanter chosen.
The filtration is carried out by passing the waters (from rivers or lakes) through various types of implants removal of organic and inorganic material. The removal methods used can be physical, chemical-physical and biological function of type of substances to be eliminated from waters entering the plant.
Indeed, the presence of substances in suspension, for example, can nullify the effect of final disinfection since such particles may protect microorganisms against the action of disinfectants. In treatment of flocculation will exploit the properties of certain substances, called coagulants, which under certain operating conditions, in form of waters insoluble compounds with electric charge of opposite sign (positive charge) than that of colloids constituents as to eliminate the turbidity (negative charge).
Forms special surface filtration membrane processes are divided according to size of pores in: microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and hyperfiltration or reverse osmosis. Filtration membranes can be used for example as an alternative to or flocculation processes adsorption.
Treatments: also divided into several phases, improve the organoleptic characteristics of waters (adsorption on activated carbon) and lower the content of dissolved solids (demineralization). The interventions of this type are provided, when necessary, upstream of treatment processes of filtration real, and allow the removal of materials and substances which by their nature and size are likely to damage the equipment and compromise the efficiency of subsequent treatment stages.
The filters are formed from cylindrical vessels made of reinforced concrete on the bottom of which special shelves, provided with an adequate number of holes, support the filtering mass. The filter bed consists of fine sand / fine or other material minute. The filter bed is supported by an underlying layer of material, also the filter, formed by a layer of coarse gravel and the overlying layers of gravel gradually finer (mattress draining).
What lens filters the filtering action is exerted by the biological film that develops on the surface of filter in 10-15 days (aging time of filter). The film filter is very sensitive to mechanical disturbances and organic contaminants. During the period of maturation of film the filtered waters is not considered potable. The inflow of waters into filter takes place from above while runoff occurs from the bottom; the filtration rate.
The sedimented material is conveyed towards a hopper formed on bottom of tank, by means of mechanical pickers that sweep the bottom of same, and from here pumped to sludge treatment line. The size of tanks depends on detention time which is a function of characteristics of solid sediments present in raw waters and the type of decanter chosen.
The filtration is carried out by passing the waters (from rivers or lakes) through various types of implants removal of organic and inorganic material. The removal methods used can be physical, chemical-physical and biological function of type of substances to be eliminated from waters entering the plant.
Indeed, the presence of substances in suspension, for example, can nullify the effect of final disinfection since such particles may protect microorganisms against the action of disinfectants. In treatment of flocculation will exploit the properties of certain substances, called coagulants, which under certain operating conditions, in form of waters insoluble compounds with electric charge of opposite sign (positive charge) than that of colloids constituents as to eliminate the turbidity (negative charge).
Forms special surface filtration membrane processes are divided according to size of pores in: microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and hyperfiltration or reverse osmosis. Filtration membranes can be used for example as an alternative to or flocculation processes adsorption.
Treatments: also divided into several phases, improve the organoleptic characteristics of waters (adsorption on activated carbon) and lower the content of dissolved solids (demineralization). The interventions of this type are provided, when necessary, upstream of treatment processes of filtration real, and allow the removal of materials and substances which by their nature and size are likely to damage the equipment and compromise the efficiency of subsequent treatment stages.
The filters are formed from cylindrical vessels made of reinforced concrete on the bottom of which special shelves, provided with an adequate number of holes, support the filtering mass. The filter bed consists of fine sand / fine or other material minute. The filter bed is supported by an underlying layer of material, also the filter, formed by a layer of coarse gravel and the overlying layers of gravel gradually finer (mattress draining).
What lens filters the filtering action is exerted by the biological film that develops on the surface of filter in 10-15 days (aging time of filter). The film filter is very sensitive to mechanical disturbances and organic contaminants. During the period of maturation of film the filtered waters is not considered potable. The inflow of waters into filter takes place from above while runoff occurs from the bottom; the filtration rate.
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